![]() Using next generation immune sequencing and machine learning techniques, Elias et al. These individuals provided blood samples before vaccination, with 2 doses of the hepatitis B vaccine, and at 3 time points afterward. Thirty-four people who were never exposed to hepatitis B or vaccinated against it participated in the study. wanted to find out whether having preexisting memory CD4 T cells confers an advantage for vaccine-induced immunity. This happens because CD4 T cells can recognize multiple targets, which enables the immune system to be ready to defend against both new and familiar pathogens.Įlias, Meysman, Bartholomeus et al. People who have never been exposed to a pathogen, or have never been vaccinated against it, may nevertheless have preexisting memory cells ready to defend against it. After recognizing an antigen, CD4 T cells develop into memory CD4 T cells ready to defend against future infections with the pathogen. Vaccine antigens are usually inactivated bacteria or viruses, or fragments of these pathogens. Receptor proteins on the outside of the cells recognize pathogens, foreign molecules called antigens, or vaccine antigens. Immune cells called CD4 T cells help the body build immunity to infections caused by bacteria and viruses, or after vaccination.
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